Test full user flows end-to-end — Playwright, Cypress, and Selenium for browser-based validation.
Five passes over the same idea, each from a different angle. Do them in order, or jump to whichever you need.
End-to-end tests validate complete user workflows through the actual UI. Playwright and Cypress dominate modern E2E testing with auto-waiting, network interception, and visual snapshots. Key practices: test critical paths only, use page objects, manage test data, handle flakiness, and run in CI with parallelization.
